{"id":1122,"date":"2021-09-24T14:28:59","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T18:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatetoolkit.org\/?p=1122"},"modified":"2025-06-18T16:12:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T20:12:42","slug":"biochar-research-at-morton-arboretum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatetoolkit.org\/sv\/biochar-research-at-morton-arboretum\/","title":{"rendered":"Forskning om biokol vid Morton Arboretum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Biokol - ett \u00e4mne som framst\u00e4lls genom f\u00f6rbr\u00e4nning av organiskt avfall som d\u00f6da v\u00e4xter, l\u00f6v och tr\u00e4flis - verkar lovande som en jordf\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrare som motverkar klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna. Faktum \u00e4r att dess potential unders\u00f6ks just nu vid Morton Arboretum av markekologen Dr Meghan Midgley <\/strong>och forskningssamordnare Michelle Catania<\/strong>. Vi talade med Meghan och Michelle f\u00f6r att ta reda p\u00e5 hur deras forskning startade och vad de har l\u00e4rt sig hittills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vad bidrar till den senaste tidens \u00f6kade intresse f\u00f6r biokol?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> Jordar i st\u00e4der har l\u00e5g kvalitet, t.ex. d\u00e5lig vattenh\u00e5llande f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och n\u00e4ringsretention, d\u00e5ligt strukturerade jordhorisonter och en enorm variation i inneh\u00e5llet av organiskt material. Dessa egenskaper skapar mindre \u00e4n ideala f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden f\u00f6r l\u00e5nglivade stadstr\u00e4d. F\u00f6r att \u00f6vervinna dessa milj\u00f6m\u00e4ssiga skillnader var det logiskt att unders\u00f6ka ursprungsbefolkningarnas l\u00f6sningar. N\u00e4r forskare gr\u00e4vde fram forntida arkeologiska platser fulla av n\u00e4ringsrika terra preta<\/em> i Amazonasomr\u00e5det var de uppt\u00e4cka djupa, v\u00e4lstrukturerade svarta jordar<\/strong> p\u00e5 platser d\u00e4r omfattande regnskogsjordbruk bedrevs i \u00f6ver tusen \u00e5r - n\u00e5got som \u00e4r ovanligt f\u00f6r tropiska jordar som \u00e4r utsatta f\u00f6r svedjebruk. Detta utl\u00f6ste ett stort globalt forskningsintresse f\u00f6r att studera biokolets inverkan p\u00e5 marksanering av v\u00e5ra f\u00f6rst\u00f6rda stads- och jordbruksjordar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vilken forskning har du genomf\u00f6rt eller h\u00e5ller p\u00e5 att genomf\u00f6ra med biokol och jord?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> F\u00f6r att testa effektiviteten av biokolets f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra markkvaliteten f\u00f6r urbana landskap<\/strong>PI Dr Bryant Scharenbroch (Associate Professor vid UWSP och Research Fellow vid The Morton Arboretum) och jag arbetade med flera olika projekt tillsammans p\u00e5 landskaps-, plantskole- och v\u00e4xthusniv\u00e5. Inledningsvis genomf\u00f6rde vi en v\u00e4xthusstudie f\u00f6r att unders\u00f6ka 7 behandlingar (tr\u00e4flis, kompost, biokol, biosolider, NPK-g\u00f6dselmedel, luftat kompostte, vatten) p\u00e5 2 vanliga gatutr\u00e4d (Acer saccharum Marsh. och Gleditsia triacanthos) som odlades i 3 jordtyper (sand, silt loam, komprimerad lera). Vi unders\u00f6kte hur jord och tr\u00e4d reagerade p\u00e5 behandlingarna under 18 m\u00e5nader och avslutade studien med en destruktiv sk\u00f6rd av biomassa b\u00e5de ovan och under jord. Vi l\u00e4rde oss att b\u00e5de biosolider och biokol f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrade den mikrobiella aktiviteten i marken<\/strong> vilket ger positiva \u00e5terkopplingar till tr\u00e4dtillv\u00e4xten ovan och under marken, med den st\u00f6rsta biomassansamlingen i b\u00e5de biokol- och biosolidbehandlingarna j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med den andra behandlingen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> F\u00f6r att testa behandlingar med biokol p\u00e5 befintliga gatutr\u00e4d<\/strong>har vi genomf\u00f6rt tv\u00e5 studier p\u00e5 landskapsniv\u00e5 i Chicago-regionen. En i en stadsdel n\u00e4ra Chicagos stadsk\u00e4rna unders\u00f6kning av tr\u00e4dgropar<\/strong> (under utarbetande) och en i den sydv\u00e4stra f\u00f6rorten Bolingbrook granskning av tr\u00e4d i parkv\u00e4gar<\/strong> (i tryck). I b\u00e5da studierna unders\u00f6ktes etablerade gatutr\u00e4d och en m\u00e4ngd olika mekanismer f\u00f6r att tillf\u00f6ra olika \u00e4mnen f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra markens och tr\u00e4dens h\u00e4lsa. Vi anv\u00e4nde en kombination av vertikal mulching (h\u00e5ltagning i marken f\u00f6r att tills\u00e4tta jordf\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringsmedel under ytan), luftbearbetning (pneumatisk inkorporering av material med sm\u00e5 rotskador) och \"mulching in\"-metoder, samt kombinationer av material och n\u00e4ringsrika till\u00e4gg med snabb fris\u00e4ttning, s\u00e5som kompost, biosolider och syntetiskt g\u00f6dselmedel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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6\/9 - Tr\u00e4d planterade i b\u00e4ddar som kompletterats med biosolider och biokol.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

MM:<\/strong> I v\u00e4gkantsprojektet unders\u00f6ker vi effekterna av flera olika till\u00e4gg p\u00e5 \u00f6verlevnad, tillv\u00e4xt och h\u00e4lsa hos sex olika tr\u00e4darter. Experimentet omfattar en traditionell kompost samt tv\u00e5 biosolid-behandlingar och en biosolid-biokolblandning. Tv\u00e5 \u00e5r efter att vi p\u00e5b\u00f6rjat f\u00f6rs\u00f6ket fann vi att jordar med biosolid-biochar-blandning hade l\u00e4gre skrymdensitet<\/strong>, h\u00f6gre tillg\u00e5ng p\u00e5 organiskt material och n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen<\/strong>, och h\u00f6gre tr\u00e4dtillv\u00e4xt och klorofyllhalt<\/strong> \u00e4n jordar och tr\u00e4d i de of\u00f6r\u00e4ndrade kontrollomr\u00e5dena. Men bortsett fr\u00e5n bulkdensitet, som var l\u00e4gre i biosolid-biokolblandningstomterna \u00e4n de biosolid-alone tomterna, var jord- och tr\u00e4dresponserna inte markant olika mellan biosolid-biokolblandningstomterna \u00e4n de biosolid-alone tomterna. Med andra ord svarar jordar och tr\u00e4d positivt p\u00e5 biosolider, och det \u00e4r sv\u00e5rt att s\u00e4ga om biokol kommer att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra den effekten. Jag ser fram emot att se vad som h\u00e4nder under de f\u00f6ljande \u00e5ren - kanske kommer biokolet att vara viktigare \u00f6ver tiden om det underl\u00e4ttar detta \"g\u00f6dselmedel med l\u00e5ngsam fris\u00e4ttning\"<\/strong> p\u00e5verkar n\u00e4ringstillg\u00e5ngen och har l\u00e5g bulkdensitet p\u00e5 grund av sin tendens att brytas ned l\u00e5ngsamt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> Vi etablerade ett experiment i en plantskola<\/strong> p\u00e5 Morton Arboretums omr\u00e5de f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rdjupa v\u00e5r f\u00f6rst\u00e5else f\u00f6r de olika metoderna f\u00f6r att inf\u00f6rliva biokol och de olika kombinationerna av organiska tillsatser och biokol, med m\u00e5let att fastst\u00e4lla idealiska doseringsniv\u00e5er. Resultaten fr\u00e5n dessa kontrollerade experiment i plantskolan, tillsammans med svaren p\u00e5 landskaps- och v\u00e4xthusniv\u00e5, kommer att underl\u00e4tta v\u00e5r tolkning av resultaten f\u00f6r v\u00e5r region. F\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande verkar det som om biokol, antingen ensamt eller i kombination med syntetiska g\u00f6dningsmedel, komposter eller biosolider som n\u00e4ringsk\u00e4lla, \u00e4r bra p\u00e5 att mildra effekterna av urbana jordar av l\u00e5g kvalitet, vilket framg\u00e5r av mer biomassaackumulering<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finns det ytterligare f\u00f6rdelar med biokol?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

MM:<\/strong> F\u00f6rutom att potentiellt bibeh\u00e5lla h\u00f6g n\u00e4ringstillg\u00e5ng och l\u00e5g bulkdensitet \u00f6ver tid, biokol kan ocks\u00e5 minska v\u00e4gsaltets effekter p\u00e5 tr\u00e4d och mark<\/strong>. Biokol har en stor yta och natrium kan sorberas p\u00e5 den ytan i st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att hamna i tr\u00e4dr\u00f6tter och vattendrag. F\u00f6r att testa detta tillsatte vi biokol som toppdressing eller blandade biokol i jord, planterade fyra olika arter av tr\u00e4dplantor i krukor och vattnade tr\u00e4den med eller utan tillsatt natriumklorid en g\u00e5ng i veckan. Efter 8 veckor kunde vi konstatera att n\u00e4r biokol anv\u00e4ndes som toppdressing minskade m\u00e4ngden natrium som hamnade i markvattnet och \u00f6kade tillv\u00e4xten hos v\u00e5ra snabbast v\u00e4xande tr\u00e4darter, Nordlig katalpa<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Har du samarbetspartners i din forskning om biokol?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MM:<\/strong> Dessa tv\u00e5 projekt har sammanf\u00f6rt team p\u00e5 Arboretum och utanf\u00f6r! V\u00e4gkantsprojektet \u00e4r ett samarbete med Illinois v\u00e4gtull<\/strong><\/a>och de biosolider vi anv\u00e4nde kommer fr\u00e5n staden Chicagos kommunala avloppsvattendistrikt. Alla ser fram emot resultaten av den h\u00e4r studien eftersom det kan hj\u00e4lpa oss att utforma b\u00e4ttre tr\u00e4dplanteringsprojekt l\u00e4ngs v\u00e4garna i framtiden. V\u00e4xthusprojektet leddes av en tidigare gymnasieelev vid Illinois Math and Science Academy, och vi arbetar fortfarande tillsammans f\u00f6r att analysera och publicera hans resultat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> All v\u00e5r biokolforskning har utf\u00f6rts med gener\u00f6st st\u00f6d och samarbete fr\u00e5n Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, samt finansiering fr\u00e5n Tree Research & Education Endowment (TREE) fond<\/a> och Morton Arboretums center f\u00f6r tr\u00e4dvetenskap<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Biokol - ett \u00e4mne som framst\u00e4lls genom f\u00f6rbr\u00e4nning av organiskt avfall som d\u00f6da v\u00e4xter, l\u00f6v och tr\u00e4flis - verkar lovande som en jordf\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrare som motverkar klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna. Faktum \u00e4r att dess potential unders\u00f6ks just nu p\u00e5 Morton Arboretum av ...<\/p>\n

Forskning om biokol vid Morton Arboretum<\/span> L\u00e4s mer \"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[95,178],"tags":[99,158,159,161],"class_list":["post-1122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecological-restoration-and-landscapes","category-research","tag-morton-arboretum","tag-biochar-research","tag-soil-quality-for-urban-landscapes","tag-additional-benefits-to-trees"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBiochar Research at Morton Arboretum - The Climate Toolkit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biochar Research at Morton Arboretum - The Climate Toolkit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Biochar\u2013 a substance made by burning organic waste like dead plants, leaves, and wood chips \u2013 appears to have promise as a climate change mitigating soil enhancer. 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