{"id":1122,"date":"2021-09-24T14:28:59","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T18:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatetoolkit.org\/?p=1122"},"modified":"2025-06-18T16:12:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T20:12:42","slug":"biochar-research-at-morton-arboretum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatetoolkit.org\/cs\/biochar-research-at-morton-arboretum\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdzkum biocharu v Morton Arboretum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Biochar - l\u00e1tka vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 spalov\u00e1n\u00edm organick\u00e9ho odpadu, jako jsou odum\u0159el\u00e9 rostliny, list\u00ed a d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka - se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt slibn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu v p\u016fd\u011b. Jeho potenci\u00e1l pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f zkoum\u00e1 p\u016fdn\u00ed ekolog v Mortonov\u011b arboretu. Dr. Meghan Midgley <\/strong>a koordin\u00e1tor v\u00fdzkumu Michelle Catania<\/strong>. S Meghan a Michelle jsme si pov\u00eddali o tom, jak jejich v\u00fdzkum za\u010dal a co se zat\u00edm dozv\u011bd\u011bly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu o biouhel v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> M\u011bstsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed n\u00edzkou kvalitou, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161patnou schopnost\u00ed zadr\u017eovat vodu a \u017eiviny, \u0161patn\u011b strukturovan\u00fdmi p\u016fdn\u00edmi horizonty a obrovskou variabilitou obsahu organick\u00e9 hmoty. Tyto vlastnosti vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro dlouhov\u011bk\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 stromy. K p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto environment\u00e1ln\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f byl logick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem v\u00fdzkum \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed domorod\u00fdch komunit. V dob\u011b, kdy v\u011bdci odkr\u00fdvali starov\u011bk\u00e1 archeologick\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b pln\u00e1 \u017eivinami bohat\u00fdch terra preta<\/em> v povod\u00ed Amazonky byly objevov\u00e1n\u00ed hlubok\u00fdch, dob\u0159e strukturovan\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch p\u016fd<\/strong> na m\u00edstech, kde se po v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc let p\u011bstoval extenzivn\u00ed de\u0161tn\u00fd prales, co\u017e je pro tropick\u00e9 p\u016fdy n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed typu \"slash-and-burn\" netypick\u00e9. To vyvolalo velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem o studium dopad\u016f biocharu na sanaci p\u016fdy v na\u0161ich degradovan\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v oblasti biocharu a p\u016fdy jste dokon\u010dili nebo dokon\u010dujete?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> K otestov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti biocharu schopnost zlep\u0161it kvalitu p\u016fdy v m\u011bstsk\u00e9 krajin\u011b.<\/strong>, hlavn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161itel Dr. Bryant Scharenbroch (docent na UWSP a v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk v The Morton Arboretum) a j\u00e1 jsme spole\u010dn\u011b pracovali na n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch projektech na \u00farovni krajiny, \u0161kolky a sklen\u00edku. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jsme provedli sklen\u00edkovou studii, ve kter\u00e9 jsme zkoumali 7 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed (d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka, kompost, biochar, biosolid, NPK hnojivo, provzdu\u0161n\u011bn\u00fd kompostov\u00fd \u010daj, voda) na 2 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pouli\u010dn\u00edch stromech (Acer saccharum Marsh. a Gleditsia triacanthos) p\u011bstovan\u00fdch ve 3 typech p\u016fdy (p\u00edsek, spra\u0161ov\u00e1 hl\u00edna, zhutn\u011bn\u00fd j\u00edl). Reakce p\u016fdy a strom\u016f na o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed jsme zkoumali po dobu 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a studii jsme zakon\u010dili destruktivn\u00ed sklizn\u00ed nadzemn\u00ed i podzemn\u00ed biomasy. Zjistili jsme, \u017ee jak biosolidy, tak biochar zlep\u0161ily mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivitu p\u016fdy.<\/strong> T\u00edm se pozitivn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje r\u016fst nadzemn\u00edch i podzemn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed strom\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed akumulace biomasy byla zaznamen\u00e1na u obou o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed biocharem a biosolidem ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi o\u0161et\u0159en\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> Testov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed biouhlem na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed uli\u010dn\u00ed stromy<\/strong>, jsme vypracovali dv\u011b studie na \u00farovni krajiny v oblasti Chicaga. Jednu ve \u010dtvrti bl\u00edzko centra Chicaga. zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed stromov\u00fdch jam<\/strong> (v n\u00e1vrhu) a jeden na jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Bolingbrooku. zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed strom\u016f v parku<\/strong> (v tisku). Ob\u011b studie zkoumaly zaveden\u00e9 pouli\u010dn\u00ed stromy a r\u016fzn\u00e9 mechanismy zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch dopl\u0148k\u016f pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u016fdy a zdravotn\u00edho stavu strom\u016f. Vyu\u017eili jsme kombinaci vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho mul\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed (vrt\u00e1n\u00ed otvor\u016f do p\u016fdy za \u00fa\u010delem p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dopl\u0148k\u016f pod povrch), pneumatick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy (pneumatick\u00e9 zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f s mal\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm ko\u0159en\u016f) a metod \"mul\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dovnit\u0159\", jako\u017e i kombinace materi\u00e1l\u016f a dopl\u0148k\u016f bohat\u00fdch na \u017eiviny s rychl\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm, jako je kompost, biosolid a syntetick\u00e9 hnojivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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6\/9 - Stromy vysazen\u00e9 do z\u00e1hon\u016f s biosolidem a biouhlem.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

MM:<\/strong> V r\u00e1mci projektu u silnic zkoum\u00e1me vliv n\u011bkolika zm\u011bn na p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, r\u016fst a zdravotn\u00ed stav \u0161esti r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f strom\u016f. Experiment zahrnuje tradi\u010dn\u00ed kompost a dv\u011b \u00fapravy s bioslo\u017ekami a sm\u011bs bioslo\u017eek a biocharu. Dva roky po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pokusu jsme zjistili, \u017ee sm\u011bs biosolid\u016f a biocharu m\u011bla ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed objemovou hmotnost p\u016fdy.<\/strong>, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah organick\u00e9 hmoty a dostupnost \u017eivin<\/strong>a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst strom\u016f a obsah chlorofylu<\/strong> ne\u017e p\u016fda a stromy na kontroln\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch bez z\u00e1sahu. Krom\u011b objemov\u00e9 hmotnosti, kter\u00e1 byla na ploch\u00e1ch se sm\u011bs\u00ed bioslo\u017eky a biocharu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na ploch\u00e1ch se samotnou bioslo\u017ekou, se v\u0161ak reakce p\u016fdy a strom\u016f na ploch\u00e1ch se sm\u011bs\u00ed bioslo\u017eky a biocharu v\u00fdrazn\u011b neli\u0161ily od ploch se samotnou bioslo\u017ekou. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, p\u016fda a stromy reaguj\u00ed na bioslo\u017eky pozitivn\u011b a je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, zda biochar tento \u00fa\u010dinek pos\u00edl\u00ed. T\u011b\u0161\u00edm se na to, co se stane v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech - mo\u017en\u00e1 bude biochar \u010dasem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud to usnadn\u00ed \"hnojivo s pomal\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm\"<\/strong> vliv na dostupnost \u017eivin a udr\u017euje si n\u00edzkou objemovou hmotnost d\u00edky sv\u00e9 tendenci k pomal\u00e9mu rozkladu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> Zalo\u017eili jsme experiment ve \u0161kolce<\/strong> v are\u00e1lu The Morton Arboretum, aby prohloubili na\u0161e znalosti o r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod\u00e1ch zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed biocharu do r\u016fzn\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed organick\u00fdch dopl\u0148k\u016f a biocharu s c\u00edlem stanovit ide\u00e1ln\u00ed aplika\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1vky. V\u00fdsledky t\u011bchto kontrolovan\u00fdch pokus\u016f ve \u0161kolce spolu s reakcemi na \u00farovni krajiny a sklen\u00edk\u016f n\u00e1m pomohou p\u0159i interpretaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f pro n\u00e1\u0161 region. Zat\u00edm se zd\u00e1, \u017ee biochar, a\u0165 u\u017e samostatn\u011b nebo v kombinaci se syntetick\u00fdmi hnojivy, komposty nebo biosolidy jako zdroj \u017eivin, dob\u0159e zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky nekvalitn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, co\u017e se projevuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed akumulac\u00ed biomasy.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1 biouhel dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

MM:<\/strong> Krom\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho zachov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9 dostupnosti \u017eivin a n\u00edzk\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 hmotnosti v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu, biochar m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00fa\u010dinky silni\u010dn\u00ed soli na stromy a p\u016fdu.<\/strong>. Biouhel m\u00e1 velk\u00fd povrch a sod\u00edk se m\u016f\u017ee sorbovat na tomto povrchu, m\u00edsto aby skon\u010dil v ko\u0159enech strom\u016f a ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch. Abychom to otestovali, p\u0159idali jsme biochar jako vrchn\u00ed obvaz nebo p\u0159im\u00edchali biochar do p\u016fdy, zasadili \u010dty\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy sazenic strom\u016f do kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d\u016f a jednou t\u00fddn\u011b stromy zal\u00e9vali s p\u0159idan\u00fdm chloridem sodn\u00fdm nebo bez n\u011bj. Po osmi t\u00fddnech jsme zjistili, \u017ee p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed biocharu jako vrchn\u00edho obvazu se sn\u00ed\u017eilo mno\u017estv\u00ed sod\u00edku, kter\u00e9 skon\u010dilo v p\u016fdn\u00ed vod\u011b, a zv\u00fd\u0161il se r\u016fst na\u0161ich nejrychleji rostouc\u00edch druh\u016f strom\u016f, Katalpa severn\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolupracujete na v\u00fdzkumu biocharu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

MM:<\/strong> Tyto dva projekty spojily t\u00fdmy v Arboretu i mimo n\u011bj! Projekt u silnice je v\u00fdsledkem spolupr\u00e1ce s D\u00e1lnice Illinois Tollway<\/strong><\/a>, a biosolid, kter\u00fd jsme pou\u017eili, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010dist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod m\u011bsta Chicaga. Na v\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie se v\u0161ichni t\u011b\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee n\u00e1m mohou pomoci navrhnout lep\u0161\u00ed projekt v\u00fdsadby strom\u016f u silnic v budoucnu. Projekt sklen\u00edku vedl b\u00fdval\u00fd st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00fd student Illinois Math and Science Academy a na anal\u00fdze a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed jeho v\u00fdsledk\u016f st\u00e1le spolupracujeme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC:<\/strong> Ve\u0161ker\u00fd n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum v oblasti biocharu prob\u00edh\u00e1 za velkorys\u00e9 podpory a spolupr\u00e1ce s Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories a tak\u00e9 za finan\u010dn\u00ed podpory z fond\u016f Nada\u010dn\u00ed fond pro v\u00fdzkum a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti strom\u016f (TREE)<\/a> a Centrum pro v\u011bdu o stromech v arboretu Morton<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee biouhel - l\u00e1tka vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 spalov\u00e1n\u00edm organick\u00e9ho odpadu, jako jsou odum\u0159el\u00e9 rostliny, list\u00ed a d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka - je slibn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu v p\u016fd\u011b. Jeho potenci\u00e1l pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f zkoum\u00e1 v Mortonov\u011b arboretu ...<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum biocharu v Morton Arboretum<\/span> P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce \"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[95,178],"tags":[99,158,159,161],"class_list":["post-1122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landscapes-and-horticulture","category-research","tag-morton-arboretum","tag-biochar-research","tag-soil-quality-for-urban-landscapes","tag-additional-benefits-to-trees"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBiochar Research at Morton Arboretum - The Climate Toolkit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biochar Research at Morton Arboretum - The Climate Toolkit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Biochar\u2013 a substance made by burning organic waste like dead plants, leaves, and wood chips \u2013 appears to have promise as a climate change mitigating soil enhancer. 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